Lactation Failure （奶水不下）

Lactation failure or deficiency, also known as agalactia or agalactorrhea, as well ashypogalactia or hypogalactorrhea, is a medical condition in which lactation is insufficient or fails completely due to an inadequacy of breast milk production and/or a failure of the milk let-down reflex in response to suckling following childbirth, resulting in an inability to properly breastfeed.
The most important cause of lactation failure is an insufficient secretion of prolactin  from the pituitary gland. D2 receptor antagonists, which are used to treat lactation failure, correct this insufficiency by blocking D2 receptors in the anterior pituitary, which in turn disinhibits prolactin release. Differential diagnosis of lactation failure when prolactin levels are normal or high includes lymphocytic hypophysitis (inflammation of the pituitary gland due to autoimmunity),  Sheehan's syndrome  (postpartum  hypopituitarism due to ischemic necrosis from blood loss and hypovolemia during and after childbirth), and adult growth hormone deficiency, all of which may cause lactation failure in part or full by lack of sufficient GH secretion. Hypopituitarism in general can impair secretion of pituitary hormones such as prolactin and growth hormone  (GH) and in turn result in lactation failure.

• Breastfeeding difficulties. Lactation failure. Galactorrhea. Fissure of the nipple.
  

• Breast engorgement.
  

• Diastasis symphysis pubis.
  

• Peripartum cardiomyopathy.
  

• Postpartum depression.
  

• Postpartum thyroiditis.
  

• Puerperal fever.
  

• Puerperal mastitis.
  

泌乳失败或不足，也被称为无乳,是一种医学病症，其中泌乳不足或由于母乳生产的不足和/或牛奶让向下反射的故障完全失效响应于乳分娩，导致无法正确母乳喂养。